Beginners Guide to Isopods as Pets - Isopods For Sale UK | PostPods

Beginners Guide to Isopods as Pets

So you’re thinking about getting a new pet, and you’ve decided to look at isopods. Brilliant, that’s a great idea, isopods are the perfect low-stress pet. You don’t need a huge, or even expensive enclosure, they feed on leaf litter and other low-cost, and easily available foods. They can be kept with plants, or on their own. As well as being low stress, the long term costs are lower than any other pet I can think of.

Recently, new isopods have become a popular trend among pet enthusiasts, thanks to their visually diverse appearances, ease of care, and low-maintenance requirements.

What are Isopods?

I could go on for hours about what, and how great they are, but to keep things short. Isopods are small crustaceans, commonly known as 'woodlice' and 'pill bugs', and are classified under the order Isopoda. This reduces the fear factor if you’ve got someone in your household that doesn’t like insects.

They are decomposers, which means that they take waste and break it down even further. Isopods are typically found in moist environments such as leaf litter, under wood and rocks, and other damp areas. There are so many niches that they live in around the world. From the deep leaf litter beds of forests to caves, thriving on droppings from birds and bats, and even in deserts breaking down whatever they can find. The vast majority of isopods kept as pets belong to the terrestrial suborder Oniscidea.

But don’t think that they’re going to hide away all the time, or that they’re simple lifeforms. Various species can be territorial, others are communal. Some will hang out in plain sight, others might be lurking, meaning they’re more of a surprise when you see them. Different specific species of isopods display unique behaviors and have particular care requirements, making them interesting and diverse pets.

Choosing the Right Isopod Species

Porcellio laevis ("Dairy Cow")

If you are starting out Dairy cows are a great choice for a beginner's isopod. Large enough to be easily seen in the enclosure and forgiving of temperature and humidity changes. Fast breeding means that you will soon have a booming colony. Just remember these need slightly higher calcium and protein levels than other species.

Porcellionides pruinosus (Powder Blue, Powder Orange)

Coming in a variety of colours, many of which we stock, including Powder White isopods suited to beginners, these are a smaller species of isopod but are relatively fast breeding and hardy. Originally from the southern Mediterranean, although you won't see all these colours in the wild, they make a great addition to any terrarium or vivarium, especially if you’re interested in Powder Blue isopods as active clean-up crew.

Armadillidium vulgare

Wait you might have just realised these are the common roly-poly. Grey and not a lot to look at. There is a reason we have the Magic Potion Isopod. With a pale body with flashes of iridescent yellow and black spots, these look like a concoction dreamed up in a fantasy world. They’re also so forgiving of temperature, and as long as the humidity is kept up they will thrive with you.

Another popular species is Armadillidium maculatum, also known as the Zebra Pillbug. It stands out with its bold black and white striped appearance, and like other Armadillidium, it can roll into a tight ball for protection. Zebra Pillbugs are hardy, easy to care for, and make excellent pets or vivarium cleanup crew.

Cubaris species ("Rubber Ducky," "Panda King")

I'm not going to pretend these are as easy to care for, but they are the ones that many people see and want to keep. If you're willing to invest the time and effort into getting things just right for them then there's no reason you can't start here.

Cubaris sp. such as the famous rubber ducky, panda king and other species, I mean have you heard about Pak Chong isopods, hail from tropical rainforest or cave environments? Meaning things are warmer and a lot more humid. This means they will need heat and either regular misting or some sort of rainfall system. Personally, I'd advise looking at a specialist set up to ensure your investment in Cubaris sp. pays off.

Setting Up an Isopod Enclosure

Best enclosures for isopods

I'm assuming that you are planning on keeping them as pets, not as a clean-up crew, or similar. So it all depends on what you want from them. You can keep them in a plastic container. But if you want to see them as they go about their day you will need something with at least one transparent side.

If you want something that will look stunning have a look at the metal and glass terrariums you can get, or look at dedicated vivariums.  In theory, you can make any suitable container into an isopod enclosure, but if you're just starting out then I'd look at a standard terrarium or small vivarium.

Substrate for isopods

The substrate is something that is vital to get right, check out this article on substrate for a better idea. But for a quick idea you will need some sort of substrate that will hold plenty of moisture, so enriching a suitable soil with coconut fibre, and sphagnum moss is one way. Substrate mixes like ABG Mix are well-balanced for tropical plants and help maintain the moisture levels essential for both tropical plants and isopod cultures. Although it’s crucial that all substrates have been carefully selected to make sure nothing has been treated for pests. Pesticides are likely to harm your isopods.

On top of this isopods need a decent leaf litter layer. This is a food, shelter, and a place to breed.

Humidity for isopods

Isopods originally evolved to live in the oceans, and many thousands of species are still aquatic. Whilst the species we keep as pets have moved on to land, their lungs still need to be kept moist for them to work, and these are safely hidden underneath the isopods, but on the outside. Many isopod species require high humidity to thrive, as it helps them retain moisture and supports their overall health. This means you need to keep the air itself humid enough for them to carry on breathing. It is also important to provide a moist area within the enclosure, as this supports their respiratory needs and allows them to seek out the right moisture levels. This can be done by misting the enclosure daily.

Hiding places for isopods

It's well worth adding cork bark and safe types of wood in the enclosure, many types of wood will become food as they decay, and corkbark rounds or half rounds will provide a space that is higher in humidity.

Feeding Your Isopods

It’s crucial to research the species you are keeping and their diet. Isopods eat a variety of foods, including decaying organic matter, vegetables, and protein sources, which are essential for their health and thriving colonies. In the wild, their natural diet consists mainly of decomposing plant material, allowing them to digest cellulose, and they also require calcium sources to maintain healthy exoskeletons. But there are some basics.

Leaf litter

Isopods are decomposers, living on the floor of their ecosystem, and down there there are often layers of fallen leaves. Most isopods can digest leaves better if they have started to naturally decay, and a healthy, varied diet for your isopods will usually include a constant supply of this leaf litter.

You can collect your own, but you have to be sure that nothing has been sprayed in the area that might harm your isopods.

Calcium for isopods

There are a number of ways you can provide calcium, from cleaned egg shells, to cuttlefish, and limestone powder, normally sold as limestone flour; using limestone for your isopods is an easy way to boost their calcium intake.

Protein sources for isopods

Many species of isopods need extra protein. Fish food is a simple way to add this to their diet, just make sure that you remove uneaten food before it goes mouldy. Also consider dried reptile foods or even dead insects.

Isopod Care and Maintenance

Proper isopod care and maintenance are the foundation for a healthy, thriving colony of pet isopods. Start by ensuring your isopod enclosure has a deep, moisture-retaining substrate—sphagnum moss or coco-coir are excellent choices. Layering in leaf litter and adding plenty of hiding places, such as cork bark and live plants, will help your isopods feel secure and encourage natural behaviors.

Maintaining the right humidity is crucial for most isopod species. Regular misting keeps the substrate damp and supports their need for moisture, while also helping to prevent issues like dehydration. Monitor the temperature in your enclosure, aiming for a range that suits your chosen species—beginner species like dairy cows and lava isopods do well between 65-75°F (18-24°C).

A balanced diet is key to isopod care. Offer a mix of calcium, protein, and decaying organic matter like leaf litter to keep your colony healthy. Cleanliness is also important: remove uneaten food and check for mold or pests, such as fungus gnats, to keep your isopods happy and your enclosure in top shape. With the right setup and regular attention, your pet isopods will thrive in their new home.


Isopod Behavior and Socialization

One of the joys of keeping pet isopods is observing their fascinating behaviors and social interactions. Different species display unique habits—armadillidium species, for example, are famous for their ability to roll into tight balls when threatened, while porcellio laevis (the popular dairy cows) are more outgoing and active, often seen exploring their habitat in groups.

Most isopods are nocturnal, preferring to come out and forage when it’s dark, but some, like zebra pillbugs, can be spotted during the day. Socialization varies between species: trichorhina tomentosa, for instance, thrive in large groups and are rarely seen alone, while others, such as nagurus cristatus, may prefer a bit more solitude.

Understanding these differences helps you create a suitable habitat that matches your isopods’ natural tendencies. Providing plenty of hiding places and a habitat that mimics their wild environment will encourage natural behaviors and ensure your isopods feel safe and content.


Health Checks and Monitoring

Keeping your isopod colony healthy starts with regular health checks and careful monitoring. Take time to observe your pet isopods for any signs of stress or illness, such as unusual discoloration, sluggish movement, or labored breathing. These can be early indicators that something in the enclosure needs attention.

It’s also important to keep an eye on the temperature and humidity inside the enclosure, as well as overall cleanliness. A clean habitat with fresh substrate and adequate hiding places helps prevent the buildup of pests and disease. Make sure your isopods have access to a varied diet, including protein sources like dried shrimp and calcium-rich foods, to support strong exoskeletons and robust health.

By staying attentive and proactive, you’ll be able to spot potential issues early and keep your isopod colony thriving for years to come.


Breeding isopods

Most isopods species will readily breed if given the right conditions. In breeding setups, isopods are often the primary inhabitants, ensuring a stable and self-sustaining colony. All our collections are captive bred, and readily breeding ready to be able to ship out to you.

The Role of Isopods in Ecosystems

Isopods are more than just interesting pets—they play a crucial role in natural and artificial ecosystems. As decomposers, these little critters break down decaying organic matter, recycling nutrients and helping to maintain healthy soil. In bioactive terrariums, species like dwarf white isopods and dwarf striped isopods are invaluable as a cleanup crew, consuming waste and keeping the environment balanced.

Isopods also serve as a food source for other inhabitants, such as dart frogs and insectivorous reptiles, making them an essential part of many bioactive setups. By breaking down organic matter, they improve soil structure and support the growth of live plants, creating a thriving, self-sustaining habitat. Appreciating the role of isopods in ecosystems can help you design a more natural and balanced enclosure for your pet isopods.


Common Mistakes to Avoid

When keeping isopods as pets, a few common mistakes can hinder your success. One of the biggest pitfalls is not maintaining adequate humidity—dry conditions can quickly stress your isopods and lead to health problems. Overfeeding is another issue, as excess food can attract pests and cause mold or disease outbreaks.

Choosing the wrong substrate, such as peat moss, can also be harmful, as it may not hold moisture well or could contain chemicals that are unsafe for isopods. It’s important to provide plenty of hiding places and visual barriers to reduce stress and mimic their natural environment. Avoid using fish flakes as a primary food source, as they can upset the balance of your enclosure and attract unwanted pests.

By steering clear of these common mistakes, you’ll create a healthy, stable environment where your pet isopods can thrive and you can enjoy the rewards of successful isopod keeping.

Getting your first isopods

Isopods are fascinating, low-maintenance, and budget-friendly pets, perfect for beginners. If you choose the right species and provide them with the right environment and diet then you should have a thriving colony soon enough. Make sure you buy captive-bred species so you know you’re getting healthy isopods.

There are isopods for sale in a variety of unique morphs, including orange dalmatians—created by crossing Porcellio scaber ‘Spanish Orange’ with Porcellio scaber ‘Dalmatian’—and the vibrant Spanish orange, both popular choices among collectors and enthusiasts.

Check out our shop here and welcome to isopod keeping.

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